European Innovation Scorecard (2008)

Country

EPO patents per million
population

Business R&D expenditures, % of GDP

Switzerland

411.1

2.14

Germany

275

1.77

Finland

267.6

2.51

Luxembourg

194.9

1.36

Sweden

184.8

2.64

Austria

183.1

1.81

Denmark

174.6

1.65

Netherlands

173.3

1.03

Belgium

129.1

1.3

France

119.2

1.33

Norway

95.5

0.81

United Kingdom

91.4

1.08

Italy

76.1

0.55

Ireland

64.1

0.88

Iceland

52.6

1.43

Slovenia

32.2

0.94

Spain

29.3

0.66

Malta

21.6

0.39

Cyprus

17

0.1

Hungary

7.8

0.49

Portugal

7.4

0.61

Czech Republic

7.3

0.98

Greece

6.5

0.15

Slovakia

5.8

0.18

Latvia

5.7

0.21

Estonia

5.6

0.54

Croatia

5

0.38

Poland

3

0.18

Bulgaria

1.4

0.15

Lithuania

1.3

0.23

Turkey

1

0.21

Romania

0.7

0.22

Notes:

- Number of patents applied for at the European Patent Office (EPO), by year of filing. The national distribution of the patent applications is assigned according to the address of the inventor

- All R&D expenditures in the business sector (BERD), according to the Frascati-manual definitions

Source: the Maastricht Economic and social Research and training centre on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT)